The major breakthrough in Macromedia Dreamweaver 8 is visual authoring with XML data. You can now perform both client-side and server-side XSL transformations in a snap. I covered XML syntax in one of my previous articles. I also presented the XSL syntax and covered the differences between a server-side and a client-side transformation in my article, XSL Overview. Finally, in the article, Consuming a Remote RSS Feed with Dreamweaver 8, I show you how to consume a remote feed in your site, using the XSL Transformation server behavior in Dreamweaver 8.

This article explains how to install and configure XML and XSL support for your web server, in order to be able to perform server-side XSL transformations. The article covers the configuration of PHP application servers - versions 4 and 5 - for Windows, Macintosh, and Linux operating systems.

In a server-side XSL transformation, the server performs the actual work of producing HTML output using pre-installed libraries for XML and XSL support. In a client-side transformation, however, the client's browser does the work of fetching the XML and XSL files and producing the HTML output. The downside of this approach is that not all browsers have XML/XSL support, so some of your clients might not be able to see your pages. There are also other advantages to server-side XSL transformations:

• The file containing the XML data can reside on your own server or anywhere else on the web.
• Any browser can display the transformed data.

Quickly Testing Your PHP Server for Server-Side XSL Transformation Capability

Your PHP server may already be set up to do XSL transformations. You can quickly test it by following these steps:

• Download the sample files linked below.
• Unzip the ZIP file into your web root and upload the entire xslt_test folder to your web server running PHP.

Open a browser and browse to the test.php file on your server. If you receive an error, please continue reading this article. I will show you how to configure and test your PHP server for XSL transformations. If the test.php page returns a list of articles from the Macromedia Developer Center, I encourage you to read my article, Consuming a Remote RSS 1.0 Feed with Dreamweaver 8, in which I will show you how to build the test.php page.

Determining Your PHP Server Version and Whether It Supports XSLT
How Do I Know Which PHP Version I Have?
To find out which libraries you need for performing server-side XSL transformations, you need to determine which PHP version is currently running on your web server. To do that, follow these steps:

• Open Dreamweaver.
• In a site defined with a testing server, create an empty PHP page (File > New).
• Switch to Code view.
• Inside the body tag, type the following line of code:
• <?php phpinfo() ?>
• In your browser, this function will display detailed information about the current PHP installation and settings, modules, libraries, and so on.
• Save your page to something like test.php and upload it to the testing server.
• Load the page in your browser, to see the results, using F12 (Windows) or Option + F12 (Macintosh).

Note: On some systems, the phpinfo() function is disabled for security reasons. In this case, you will receive a warning that this function doesn't exist or your browser will display a white page. You'll have to remove this function from the disable_functions list in the php.ini file or ask your system administrator to do it.

The PHP version is listed on top of the page (Figure 1). Depending on your current PHP version, you need the following XML/XSL libraries:

• For PHP 4.2 ­ Sablotron
• For PHP 4.3+ ­ DOM/XML
• For PHP 5 ­ DOM and XSL extensions

In the next section, you will learn how to check if your server already has these libraries installed and configured.

How Do I Know If I Have XML/XSL Support?
On the same page that you have created and loaded in the browser previously, test.php, look for these settings, depending on your PHP version:

• For PHP 5:
  DOM/XML
  libXML
  XSL
  libxslt
  
• For PHP 4.3+:
  DOM/XML
  DOM/XSLT
  libxslt
  libxml
  zlib (on Mac OS only)
  
• For PHP 4.2:
  Expat
  XSLT Support

If these settings are marked as enabled or active, then you have what you need to process XML documents on the server.

Note: For libxml, libxslt, and Expat, only the version number may be listed (instead of the enabled/disabled status); this indicates they are present on your server.

If any of these libraries are missing or are disabled on your server, then your server is not configured to enable XSL. If you usually dive head-first into your projects and don't like to spend time configuring your server, you might have already encountered this error:
MM_XSLTransform error.

The server could not perform the XSL transformation because an XSLT processor for PHP could not be found. Contact your server administrator and ask them to install an XSLT processor for PHP.

The error is displayed on the dynamic page where you have applied the XSL Transformation server behavior in Dreamweaver 8.

The error message is an indication that your server does not have the required XML/XSL libraries.

To learn how to apply the XSL Transformation server behavior, see the section, Applying a Server-Side XSL Transformation to the RSS Feed, in my previous article.

In general, PHP servers require two components to enable XSL:

• a library (that usually comes with your PHP installation for your operating system)
• a PHP extension using that library

These two components may vary, according to your current PHP version and may also have other prerequisite modules. Go to the next section to find how to install what you need.

Configuring PHP 4.2 Servers
If you're using PHP 4.2.x, I advise you to upgrade to the latest PHP version for the following reasons:

• XML and XSL libraries for PHP 4.2 are deprecated and never really reached a truly stable state.
• Support for XML and XSL has been rewritten from scratch in PHP 5 to offer greater speed, improved memory management, and compliance to W3C standards. You can read more about the XML improvements in PHP 5 in Christian Stoker's article.
• PHP 5 offers more XML support by default and is a lot easier to configure.

If, however, you are restricted to using PHP 4.2.x as your application server, you must have the following libraries for performing XSL server-side development:

• Expat
• iconv
• Sablotron

Expat is an open-source XML parser. It must be installed prior to Sablotron, as it is required by this library. To learn more about Expat, visit the SourceForge website. Sablotron is an open-source XSLT processor. You can find out more about Sablotron from the Ginger Alliance website. To install these libraries on your server, follow the instructions corresponding to your operating system. It is likely that Expat is already built-in into your PHP or Apache installation.

Configuring PHP 4.2 Servers on Windows
The following instructions assume you have already installed a web server with PHP language support on a computer running Windows. Before proceeding with the installation steps, check if the required libraries are not already installed on your server by loading the PHP test page in your browser.

• If Expat is already enabled, you can skip steps 1-3.
• If both Expat and Sablotron are installed, but XSL support is not enabled, you can skip steps 1-7.
• If both Expat and Sablotron are installed, and XSL support is enabled, you can skip this section altogether. Your server is already configured for server-side development using XML data.
• Download the latest version of Expat for Linux from the SourceForge.net website. The file you're looking for is named expat_win32bin.exe.
• Run the downloaded file to install Expat to a folder of your choice on the server.
• Locate the expat.dll file in the libs subdirectory of the Expat installation, and copy it to the system32 subdirectory of your Windows installation (usually, C:\Windows\system32\).
• Copy the iconv.dll file from the dlls folder of your PHP installation to the system32 subdirectory of your Windows installation. This is a character set conversion library required by Sablotron.
• Download Sablotron 0.90 from the Ginger Alliance website. Look for the Windows binary release.
• Extract the ZIP file contents to a folder of your choice on your computer. This creates a folder called Sablot-0.90.
• Locate the sablot.dll file in the bin subdirectory of your Sablotron installation and copy it to the system32 subdirectory of your Windows installation (usually located at C:\Windows\system32\).
• Locate the php.ini configuration file for your current PHP installation (usually located in C:\Windows\) and open it using any text editor (such as Notepad).

  Note: You can find out where the PHP configuration file (php.ini) is located on your system by loading the PHP test page containing the server information in your browser. Look for the Configuration File Path setting:

• Search for the following line:
• extension_dir
• Make sure the value of this directive is set to the extensions directory of your PHP installation and that this line is uncommented. For instance, if your PHP installation is located in C:\PHP, the line should be as follows:
• extension_dir = C:\PHP\extensions
• Search for the following line in the php.ini file:
• extension=php_xslt.dll
• If this line is missing, locate the Windows Extensions section of the php.ini file and copy it there. If this line is commented, that is, it starts with the semicolon (;) character, uncomment it by deleting the semicolon to enable XSLT support.
• Save the php.ini file.
• Restart your web server.